P. Akkiligunta, A. Vallepu, R. I. Pearl, M. B. Pinjari Yield, sesame, producity, challenges 156-159 2 (5) September, 2026 This article examines the most common constraints responsible for low yield such as capsule shattering, indeterminate growth, narrow genetic diversity, biotic and abiotic stress and rainfed cultivation and further deliberates how modern breeding approaches ranging from utilization of wild relatives and landraces to genome editing are transforming sesame improvement.