G.H. Ranade, P. B. Kale, V. P. Chimote CRISPR-Cas,editing, technologies, crop, improvement 132-138 2 (5) September, 2026 Genome editing has fundamentally transformed plant biotechnology by enabling targeted, nucleotide-level rewriting of crop genomes. The evolution from first-generation nucleases (ZFNs, TALENs) to CRISPR-Cas9, Cas12a, Cas13, base editors (CBEs, ABEs), and prime editors (PEs) has decoupled sequence modification from random transgene insertion and collateral double-strand break (DSB) damage. This review synthesizes the molecular mechanics governing RNA-guided endonucleases, examines engineered plant prime editors (ePPEs, twinPE), and evaluates delivery systems including ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and nanocarriers.